***********  Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante  ***********

Designed by Marty Baclawski
Email: mbaclawski@lcgy.com

Flight Dynamics & textures by Tony Bolton
Email: tony@tabolton.netkonect.co.uk               


If you have any comments please drop either of us a line, 
it will be greatly appreciated.

This aircraft is freeware. If you would like to upload it to 
other services or BBS's that's ok as long as it's not for 
profit and you acknowledge us as the original creators. The
inclusion of this file on retail shareware/freeware collections
is expressly forbidden.


                            - Tony Bolton, 29 March 1997
			      (rev 4/98)	

**********************************************************


Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante
---------------------------
In 1969 Embraer was created to build the Emb-110 Bandeirante which had
been originally developed by the Brazilian Institute of Research and 
Development. The aircraft had been designed as a general purpose light
aircraft suitable for both military and civilian use, it entered service
with the Brazilian Airforce in 1973. A variety of models were produced
with cargo, passenger and executive configurations all of which have
unpressurised cabins. In the 80's the development of a pressurised 
version was abandoned in favour of the larger Emb-120 Brasilia. In all
500 Bandits were built before production ceased in 1990.



Power		  2 x 750shp Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 turboprops
Cruise speed
   Maximum	  220kts TAS
   Economical     180kts TAS
Range             1060nm (with max fuel and reserves)
Service Ceiling   22,500'
Max takeoff wgt	  12,500lbs
Max Speed         Mach 0.372
Stall Speeds      84kts (clean) 72kts (full flaps) 


Flying the EMB-110
--------------------
Notes:
The airspeeds given are indicated airspeeds (IAS) so you will need to
select this option in the 'options', 'preferences', 'instruments' menu.
Takeoff and climb data is for the aircraft at maximum takeoff weight.

The throttle settings are given as n2 readings, this corresponds to the
'turb' meter on the learjet panel.

The flight model was designed using a more realistic temperature
gradient than the default weather provided by fs. The Outside Air
Temperature (OAT) should decrease by 3.5 Farenheit (2 Celsius) for
every 1000' of increased altitude. So if the temperature at sea level
is 59F the OAT at 40,000' should be -81F not +14F as the program
defaults to. Flying with the default temperatures will cause a marked
decrease in the aircrafts performance and range.

I have adjusted the maximum fuel available to allow for a typical
payload of passengers or cargo. The maximum fuel is now 276 galls
which I estimate will give you 2 hours flying at maximum speed or 3
hours at the economical speed (plus fuel for 45mins holding, a 50nm
diversion and 5% reserves). If you want to fly with the full fuel
load change the fuel capacity to 464 galls and reduce the payload to
give an MTOW of 12,500lbs. 

The aircraft has been test flown after conversion to fs95 and flies
as per the numbers below.  

Take off:
Apply 1 notches of flap. Open the throttle to 95% n2 and rotate at
100kts. Gear up on positive climb and aim for the initial climb to 
be at 115kts. As the speed passes 120kts remove the flap.

Climb:
Maintain the throttle at 95% n2 for the climb. Trim the aircraft to 
climb at between 130-135kts IAS, initially this will give a climb rate
of about 1700fpm and if you get the trim right the aircraft will hold
the airspeed and slowly reduce the rate of climb without any further
pilot intervention.

Cruise:
The service ceiling is 22,500' however as the aircraft is unpressurised
it could be uncomfortable for passengers and crew at that height so 
cruise between 6,000' and 15,000'. Level off and reduce the throttle
slightly and let the airspeed build up, cruise with the power set to
90% n2 for the maximum speed of 220kts TAS or 83% n2 for the economy
speed of 180kts TAS.

Descent:
Throttle back almost to idle and lower the nose to start the descent.
If you set the autopilot altitude to the desired altitude and put the 
'altitude hold' on you will descend at 1650fpm, adjust the throttle to
keep the airspeed at around 165kts IAS

Holding/Approach Pattern:
Increase the throttle to 82% n2 to hold the airspeed at 165kts IAS.

Landing:
Add 1 notch of flap and start the approach, adjust the throttle to
avoid the speed building up too much. Gradually add more flap and
lower the gear, adjust the throttle to aim for 90 to 100kts at touchdown.



Flight Sim data
---------------
The following data was collected during my test flights. You may find 
it useful for programs such as Navigator and adventure creators which
want climb and descent rates with true airspeeds and fuel flow figures.

Taxiing
	Fuel burn	   6 gals

Climb to 10,000'
	Average climb	1500 fpm
	Average speed	 140 kts TAS
	Fuel burn	 138 gal/hour

Cruise at 90% n2 (220kts TAS)
	Fuel burn	  86 gals/hour

Cruise at 83% n2 (180kts TAS)
	Fuel burn	  57 gals/hour

Descent (using a/p alt hold)
	Average descent	1650 fpm
	Average speed	 188 kts TAS
	Fuel burn	  22 gals/hour

Holding
	Fuel burn	  64 gals/hour

Fuel Capacity		276 gals
Reserves		  5%

			


